A well-structured on PEM is an invaluable tool for medical students, nutritionists, public health workers, and educators. It simplifies complex pathophysiology, illustrates clinical signs, and communicates treatment protocols effectively.

Introduction Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) , now more commonly referred to as Protein-Energy Under-nutrition (PEU) , remains one of the most critical public health challenges worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It refers to a range of pathological conditions arising from a lack of both protein and calories in the diet, affecting millions of children under five.